Sunday 8 May 2011

All you wanted to know about Fiber Optic Sensors

The fundamental characteristic of all fiber optic sensors is that they depend on some optical properties, such as intensity, phase, state of polarization and wavelength, to be modulated by measurands. Measurands could be pressure, temperature, electromagnetic field or displacement. All fiber optic sensors have an optical element that is sensing these property changes. For most sensors, this element is the optical fiber itself or a non-fiber optical element.

Optical fibers can be used as sensors to measure strain, temperature, pressure and other quantities by modifying a fiber so that the quantity to be measured modulates the intensity, phase, polarization, wavelength or transit time of light in the fiber. Sensors that vary the intensity of light are the simplest, since only a simple source and detector are required. A particularly useful feature of intrinsic fiber optic sensors is that they can, if required, provide distributed sensing over very large distances.

Fiber optic sensors are ideal for harsh conditions: high vibration, extreme heat, and wet, explosive, or corrosive environments. In confined areas, the flexible fibers can be positioned precisely.

Some extreme environment has no choice but Fiber Optic Sensors. This kind of applications include high temperature, immersion into chemical reagents, radioactive rays factories and so on. The fiber optic sensor's resistant to this type of harsh environment is extremely important.

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